Administrators-Computer:~ loewis$ python
Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Jan 17 2008, 19:35:17) 
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5465)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> x = { "a": 10, "b":20}
>>> x
{'a': 10, 'b': 20}
>>> x['a']
10
>>> x['a'] = 109
>>> x
{'a': 109, 'b': 20}
>>> x['c']
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
KeyError: 'c'
>>> len(x)
2
>>> k.keys()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'k' is not defined
>>> x.keys()
['a', 'b']
>>> x.values()
[109, 20]
>>> x['c']=109
>>> x
{'a': 109, 'c': 109, 'b': 20}
>>> x.values()
[109, 109, 20]
>>> x.items()
[('a', 109), ('c', 109), ('b', 20)]
>>> x.has_key('c')
True
>>> 'c' in x
True
>>> m = [2,3,5,7,11,13]
>>> 7 in m
True
>>> 8 in m
False
>>> m
[2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13]
>>> m[2]
5
>>> m[-2]
11
>>> m[2]
5
>>> del m[2]
>>> m
[2, 3, 7, 11, 13]
>>> del x['c']
>>> x
{'a': 109, 'b': 20}
>>> del m
>>> m
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'm' is not defined
>>> set([2,3,7,11,2])
set([11, 2, 3, 7])
>>> set()
set([])
>>> set([2,3,7,11,2])
set([11, 2, 3, 7])
>>> s = set([2,3,7,11,2])
>>> 2 in x
False
>>> 2 in s
True
>>> 4 in s
False
>>> s.add(89)
>>> s
set([11, 89, 2, 3, 7])
>>> s2 = set((4,5,6))
>>> s
set([11, 89, 2, 3, 7])
>>> s2
set([4, 5, 6])
>>> s.union(s2)
set([2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 89])
>>> 
Administrators-Computer:~ loewis$ mkdir h
Administrators-Computer:~ loewis$ cd h
Administrators-Computer:h loewis$ ls
Administrators-Computer:h loewis$ python
Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Jan 17 2008, 19:35:17) 
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5465)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> f=open("foo","w")
>>> f
<open file 'foo', mode 'w' at 0x5a458>
>>> f.write("Hallo")
>>> f.close()
>>> 
Administrators-Computer:h loewis$ ls
foo
Administrators-Computer:h loewis$ mkdir k
Administrators-Computer:h loewis$ python
Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Jan 17 2008, 19:35:17) 
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5465)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> f=open("k/bar","w")
>>> f.write("Welt")
>>> f.close()
>>> 
Administrators-Computer:h loewis$ ls
foo	k
Administrators-Computer:h loewis$ ls k/
bar
Administrators-Computer:h loewis$ cat k/bar 
WeltAdministrators-Computer:h loewis$ python
Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Jan 17 2008, 19:35:17) 
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5465)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> f=open("k/bar")
>>> f.read()
'Welt'
>>> f.close()
>>> f=open("foo")
>>> f.read()
'Hallo'
>>> f.close()
>>> f=open("/etc/passwd")
>>> t = f.read()
>>> f.close()
>>> type(t)
<type 'str'>
>>> len(t)
2888
>>> t[100:]
'in single-user mode.  At other times this information is provided by\n# Open Directory.\n#\n#[truncated for log]'
>>> 
Administrators-Computer:h loewis$ python
Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Jan 17 2008, 19:35:17) 
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5465)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> f=open("/etc/passwd")
>>> f
<open file '/etc/passwd', mode 'r' at 0x5a458>
>>> f=open("foo","w")
>>> f
<open file 'foo', mode 'w' at 0x5a2a8>
>>> f.write("Hallo")
>>> f.close()
>>> f=open("foo","w")
>>> f.write("Hallo, Welt")
>>> f.flush()
>>> f.write("Hallo, Welt")
>>> f.write("Hallo, Welt")
>>> f.write("Hallo, Welt")
>>> f.close()
>>> f=open("/etc/passwd")
>>> s=f.read()
>>> type(s)
<type 'str'>
>>> len(s)
2888
>>> f.close()
>>> f=open("/etc/passwd")
>>> s=f.readlines()
>>> f.close()
>>> type(s)
<type 'list'>
>>> len(s)
53
>>> s[:3]
['##\n', '# User Database\n', '# \n']
>>> f=open("/etc/passwd")
>>> f.readline()
'##\n'
>>> f.readline()
'# User Database\n'
>>> f.readline()
'# \n'
>>> f.readline()
'# Note that this file is consulted directly only when the system is running\n'
>>> x = [2,3,5,7,9]
>>> for a in x:
...   print a,a*a
... 
2 4
3 9
5 25
7 49
9 81
>>> for i in range(len(x)):
...   print i, x[i]
... 
0 2
1 3
2 5
3 7
4 9
>>> d = { "a":1, "b":2}
>>> 
>>> for k in d.keys():
...   print k
... 
a
b
>>> for k in d:
...   print k
... 
a
b
>>> for k in d:
...   print k, d[k]
... 
a 1
b 2
>>> d.items()
[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]
>>> for i in d.items():
...   print i
... 
('a', 1)
('b', 2)
>>> for key,value in d.items():
...   print key,value
... 
a 1
b 2
>>> x
[2, 3, 5, 7, 9]
>>> list(enumerate(x))
[(0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 5), (3, 7), (4, 9)]
>>> for indx, value in enumerate(x):
...   print indx, value
... 
0 2
1 3
2 5
3 7
4 9
>>> f = open("/etc/passwd")
>>> c = 0
>>> for line in f.readlines():
...   c += len(line)
... 
>>> c
2888
>>> for line in f.readlines()
KeyboardInterrupt
>>> f.close()
>>> f = open("/etc/passwd")
>>> for line in f:
...   c += len(line)
... 
>>> c
5776
>>> 

Administrators-Computer:h loewis$ python
Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Jan 17 2008, 19:35:17) 
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5465)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> None
>>> type(None)
<type 'NoneType'>
>>> x = None
>>> y = None
>>> x is y
True
>>> class VBaumListe:
...   def __init__(self, baum, restliste):
...     self.baum=baum
...     self.restliste=restliste
... 
>>> liste = None
>>> liste = VBaumListe("foo.txt", liste)
>>> liste = VBaumListe("bar.txt", liste)
>>> liste.baum
'bar.txt'
>>> liste.restliste
<__main__.VBaumListe instance at 0x5e1c0>
>>> liste.restliste.baum
'foo.txt'
>>> print liste.restliste.restliste
None
>>> liste.restliste.restliste
>>> def name():
...   return "Mustermann"
... 
>>> name()
'Mustermann'
>>> s=name()
>>> s
'Mustermann'
>>> name=name2
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'name2' is not defined
>>> name2=name
>>> name2
<function name at 0x56cb0>
>>> name2()
'Mustermann'
>>> import math
>>> math.sin(3)
0.14112000805986721
>>> functions = [math.sin, math.cos]
>>> functions[0](3.14)
0.0015926529164868282
>>> functions[1](3.14)
-0.9999987317275395
>>> def mkinc(n):
...   def inc(m):
...     return m+n
...   return inc
... 
>>> mkinc(1)
<function inc at 0x56d70>
>>> mehr= mkinc(1)
>>> mehr(5)
6
>>> mkinc(2)(8)
10
>>>